Policing in Alabama
I have been practicing law in Birmingham since 1978, and Alabama has been home to some of the most egregious police behavior in the country. State troopers almost killed John Lewis and many others on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma. School children were attacked by dogs and sent flying down the street by fire hoses in Birmingham. State police protecting freedom riders abandoned their bus to the tender mercies of white mobs in Montgomery and Anniston.
In the past 40 years or so, protests and demonstrations here have generally not faced police misconduct. On the contrary, police have appeared to be doing all they could to avoid arrests, including blocking traffic to allow unpermitted marchers to pass. In Hoover—a large Birmingham suburb created to accommodate white flight—police persuaded the owner of a private mall, the Galleria, to allow a Black Lives Matter group to demonstrate inside the building. It is possible that this restraint is because the state and its municipalities are trying to live down their reputations from the civil rights era, and none of the protests were large or sustained enough to threaten the status quo.
In 2020, that began changing. The torture and murder of George Floyd brought huge numbers out into the streets, many of whom had never demonstrated before. The protests have been sustained for several months and still attract significant numbers and substantial support. There have been instances of civil disobedience, and police have become more aggressive, less tolerant, and quicker to arrest.
Hoover has been a focal point, in large part, because of recent history. On Thanksgiving night 2018, a young African-American man named E.J. Bradford was shot and killed by an officer in the Galleria. The Attorney General took over the investigation of the killing, found it justified, albeit “tragic,” and chose not to pursue charges or even present the case to a grand jury. Memories of E.J. Bradford were still fresh when George Floyd was killed, and more than 100 people were arrested in Hoover in subsequent weeks.
When I began working on this article, I was waiting at the Hoover city jail for 30 protesters who were arrested. Police arrested them without cause, and the booking and bonding-out process was painfully slow. More than four hours after the van carrying the arrestees arrived at the jail, only four had bonded out. It was clear that we need more people to serve as LOs to make sure protestors’ constitutional rights are protected.
How You Can Help
You may read about protests in the news and wish you were in Minneapolis or Portland, but LOs are in demand everywhere that people gather to exercise their rights to speech and assembly. As protests mount, the NLG needs people across the country, including lawyers and law students, to don green hats and stand ready to defend protesters’ constitutional rights.
LO training lasts about a day, and once you arm yourself with a green hat, notepad, pen, and smartphone, you will be prepared to monitor and document protests. You can make a difference as a lawyer or law student. Even if you do not witness any abuse, your presence may serve as a deterrent to unconstitutional behavior by law enforcement. To sign up for LO training, go to nlg.org/legalobservers and find your local NLG chapter.
