Abstract
This Article claims that the U.S. House Ways & Means Committee violated the law in 2014 when it voted (strictly along party lines) to release to the public the tax return information of 51 taxpayers. The Committee acted under the belief that an obscure tax law provision authorized its action. But the provision required the Committee to have a legitimate purpose for the disclosures, and—incredibly—it failed to satisfy this almost trivial, commonsense restriction. Although the disclosures occurred in connection with the Committee’s allegations of possible criminal misconduct by a high-ranking IRS official (Lois Lerner), most of the return information released was completely unrelated to the oversight objective and no disclosure was necessary to support the Committee’s claims. In fact, there does not appear to have been any purpose whatsoever for the disclosures other than possibly providing a partisan political advantage to the Committee majority. Because the Speech or Debate Clause of the Constitution insulated the Committee from prosecution for the violation, the incident reveals a serious gap in taxpayer privacy protections. A future tax committee, for no legitimate reason, might release with impunity the return information of any taxpayer, including sensitive information belonging to a political enemy of those controlling the committee at the time.
To prevent that outcome, this Article proposes a new restriction on the access of the tax committees to tax return information. If the committees cannot obtain the information in the first instance, then they will be unable to disclose it for improper purposes. The proposal respects the legitimate need of the tax committees for the information by giving exclusive access in the legislative branch to a Congressional staff intermediary who would be responsible for analyzing the information for Congress and conveying it to the tax committees only in specified circumstances. If, as claimed in this Article, the intermediary’s actions would likely not be protected by the Speech or Debate Clause, then restrictions placed on the intermediary’s discretion in order to protect taxpayer privacy rights could be enforced. Since today’s majority on a committee may obviously be tomorrow’s minority, every legislator should be interested in preventing illegitimate disclosures in the future.