On November 1, CMS made available–ahead of their publication in the Federal Register–the CY 2023 HOPPS Final Rule and the CY 2023 PFS Final Rule. The HOPPS Final Rule includes clarification that CMS will pay for diagnostic tests under Medicare Part B even when supervised by certain nonphysician practitioners (such as nurse practitioners, physician assistants, certified nurse midwives, and clinical nurse specialists), consistent with their scope of practice and applicable state law. The PFS rule includes updates to payment rates for nonphysician providers, continuing the phased-in payment updates initiated in the CY 2022 Final Rule. The clinical labor rates underlying the payment rates were last updated in 2002.