A cross-sectional study published in JAMA found that Black patients are less likely than White patients to receive proton beam therapy (PBT) in circumstances where PBT was the recommended radiation therapy modality for the patient. PBT is potentially superior to photon radiotherapy for certain kinds of tumors and childhood cancers. This disparity has persisted despite increased availability of PBT. The study’s authors conclude that efforts besides increasing the number of facilities that provide PBT will be needed to eliminate disparities.